How to Sum Dictionary Values in Python

This guide explores various methods for summing numeric values stored within Python dictionaries. We'll cover summing all values in a single dictionary, summing values for specific keys across a list of dictionaries, and summing all numeric values across all keys in a list of dictionaries. Techniques include using the built-in sum(), for loops, functools.reduce, and collections.Counter.

Summing All Values in a Single Dictionary

To calculate the total sum of all numeric values within a single dictionary:

Using sum() with dict.values() (Recommended)

This is the most concise and Pythonic approach:

my_dict = {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
total = sum(my_dict.values())
print(total)  # Output: 6

• my_dict.values() returns a view object containing all the values from the dictionary.
• sum() directly iterates over this view and calculates the sum.
• This method correctly returns 0 for an empty dictionary.

Using a for Loop

A for loop provides a more explicit way to achieve the same result:

my_dict = {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
total = 0
for value in my_dict.values():
    total += value
print(total) # Output: 6

Using functools.reduce()

While reduce() can be used, it's generally considered less readable than sum() for simple summation:

from functools import reduce

my_dict = {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
total = reduce(lambda acc, current: acc + current, my_dict.values(), 0) # Start with 0
print(total)  # Output: 6

• The reduce() function takes a function and applies it cumulatively to the items of an iterable.

Summing Values for a Specific Key in a List of Dictionaries

To sum the values associated with a specific key across all dictionaries in a list:

list_of_dicts = [
    {'name': 'Alice', 'salary': 100},
    {'name': 'Bob',   'salary': 150},
    {'name': 'Carl',  'salary': 120},
    {'name': 'Diana', 'score': 95}, # Dictionary might not have 'salary'
]

# Sum only the 'salary' values
total_salary = sum(d.get('salary', 0) for d in list_of_dicts) # Use get() for safety
print(total_salary)  # Output: 370

• The generator expression (d.get('salary', 0) for d in list_of_dicts) iterates through the list.
• d.get('salary', 0) safely retrieves the value for the 'salary' key. If the key doesn't exist in a dictionary, it returns the default value 0, preventing KeyError and ensuring those dictionaries don't affect the sum.
• sum() adds up the retrieved salary values.

Summing Values for All Keys in a List of Dictionaries

To sum values grouped by their respective keys across a list of dictionaries, use collections.Counter:

from collections import Counter

list_of_dicts = [
    {'id': 1, 'salary': 100, 'bonus': 10},
    {'id': 2, 'salary': 150},
    {'id': 3, 'salary': 120, 'bonus': 20},
]

totals_by_key = Counter()
for d in list_of_dicts:
    for key, value in d.items():
        # Only add if the value is numeric (int or float)
        if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
            totals_by_key[key] += value

print(totals_by_key)
# Output: Counter({'salary': 370, 'bonus': 30, 'id': 6})

# Optional: Get the grand total of all numeric values
grand_total = sum(totals_by_key.values())
print(grand_total) # Output: 406

• Counter() is a dictionary subclass designed for counting hashable objects (or, in this case, accumulating sums).
• The nested loops iterate through each dictionary and then each key-value pair.
• isinstance(value, (int, float)) ensures we only try to sum numeric types.
• totals_by_key[key] += value adds the value to the running total for that specific key in the Counter.

Conclusion

This guide explored various methods for summing values in Python dictionaries.

• For summing all values in a single dictionary, sum(my_dict.values()) is the most direct approach.
• When summing values for a specific key across a list of dictionaries, a generator expression with sum() and dict.get() is recommended for safety and conciseness.
• For summing all numeric values grouped by key across a list of dictionaries, collections.Counter provides an effective solution.